Semi-supervised gear fault diagnosis using raw vibration signal based on deep learning

In aerospace industry, gears are the most common parts of a mechanical transmission system. Gear pitting faults could cause the transmission system to crash and give rise to safety disaster. It is always a challenging problem to diagnose the gear pitting condition directly through the raw signal of vibration. In this paper, a novel method named augmented deep sparse autoencoder (ADSAE) is proposed. The method can be used to diagnose the gear pitting fault with relatively few raw vibration signal data. This method is mainly based on the theory of pitting fault diagnosis and creatively combines with both data augmentation ideology and the deep sparse autoencoder algorithm for the fault diagnosis of gear wear. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by experiments of six types of gear pitting conditions. The results show that the ADSAE method can effectively increase the network generalization ability and robustness with very high accuracy. This method can effectively diagnose different gear pitting conditions and show the obvious trend according to the severity of gear wear faults. The results obtained by the ADSAE method proposed in this paper are compared with those obtained by other common deep learning methods. This paper provides an important insight into the field of gear fault diagnosis based on deep learning and has a potential practical application value.     

热防护材料高温异型传感器校准技术研究

高温异型传感器广泛应用在热防护材料研究领域，因其测温部分比通用温度传感器尺寸短，现有的校准装置无法满足该类传感器的校准需求。针对高温异型传感器无法校准的问题，提出了一种应用专用高温恒温炉、基于比较法的校准方法，研制了高温异型传感器校准装置，实现了该类温度传感器的量值溯源，并进行了不确定度分析。     

Substitution of satellite-based land surface temperature defective data using GSP method

Land surface temperature (LST) as an important environmental variable provides valuable information for earth environmental system modelling. Currently, LST is obtained through satellite thermal sensors at various spatial and temporal resolutions. Although spatially continuous satellite-based LST measurements are intended to overcome the shortcomings of sparse ground-based LST measurements, LST images often contain anomalous values due to the existence of clouds or sensor malfunctioning. The problem becomes more serious where the users deal with high spatial resolution characterized by low temporal resolution. This study examines the capability of a newly developed graph signal processing (GSP) method using two-dimensional single-date thermal data. For this purpose, four Landsat/TIRS datasets are analyzed. The data of five elliptical regions on thermal images are eliminated and then reconstructed through the GSP method and using the LST values of the enclosing rectangles containing the ellipsoids. The results indicate that the temperature variation determined by the GSP method generally conforms to the original image LST values. According to a correlation test conducted on the original image LST and those obtained through the GSP method, the values vary from 58% to 95%, which is an above-the-average rate (RMSE from 0.69 to 2.27). The statistical analysis of the original image LST in both the elliptical regions and the enclosing rectangles containing the ellipsoids indicates that an increase in the variance of LST data causes an increased error in the calculation of temperature by the GSP method, and vice versa. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan test indicated that an increase in the number of the non-zero spectral bins would result in increased RMSE values for all the dates and the regions. Moreover, the model errors were significant at the 0.05 level across all the image date and five elliptical study regions. Based on the results, the use of this method is recommended for the reconstruction of LST missing values, where dissimilarity of atmospheric conditions limits the use of other methods that depend on the time series data of various dates and a great deal of data calculation.     

一种针对局部结构的有限元模型修正方法

针对实际结构有限元模型（FEM）的建模误差通常仅存在于局部区域，提出了一种对局部结构单独进行模型修正的方法。首先，根据频响函数（FRF）解耦理论得到由残余结构频响函数与包含待修正参数的局部结构动刚度所重构的整体结构频响函数的拟合值，然后通过迭代优化使其与测量值的残差最小化，从而得到参数的极大似然估计。在此基础上，将残差关于参数的灵敏度以局部结构动力学矩阵表示，建立了模型修正的基本方程，利用整体结构的测试数据即可直接对分离出来的局部结构进行模型修正。最后，对喷气式飞机和三角机翼飞机分别进行了数值模拟和实验研究，验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。结果表明，所提方法可以成功地用于仅局部区域含有建模误差的实际结构有限元模型的修正，修正后的有限元模型的动态特性与实际结构有较好的一致性。     

A robust object-based shadow detection method for cloud-free high resolution satellite images over urban areas and water bodies

Unwanted contrast in high resolution satellite images such as shadow areas directly affects the result of further processing in urban remote sensing images. Detecting and finding the precise position of shadows is critical in different remote sensing processing chains such as change detection, image classification and digital elevation model generation from stereo images. The spectral similarity between shadow areas, water bodies, and some dark asphalt roads makes the development of robust shadow detection algorithms challenging. In addition, most of the existing methods work on pixel-level and neglect the contextual information contained in neighboring pixels. In this paper, a new object-based shadow detection framework is introduced. In the proposed method a pixel-level shadow mask is built by extending established thresholding methods with a new C₄ index which enables to solve the ambiguity of shadow and water bodies. Then the pixel-based results are further processed in an object-based majority analysis to detect the final shadow objects. Four different high resolution satellite images are used to validate this new approach. The result shows the superiority of the proposed method over some state-of-the-art shadow detection method with an average of 96% in F-measure.     

基于幅频响应特性的半球谐振子频率裂解与固有刚度轴方位角测定方法

半球谐振子频率裂解与固有刚度轴方位角是影响陀螺性能指标的核心因素。提出了一种基于幅频响应特性的半球谐振子频率裂解与固有刚度轴方位角测定方法，采用压电激振台扫频激振，多普勒激光测振仪检测谐振子的幅频响应特性，通过幅频响应特性曲线分析实现频率裂解与固有刚度轴方位角的测定。对该方法进行了理论分析，搭建了实验装置，并对半球谐振子进行了测试，结果表明：该方法频率裂解测量精度优于0.01Hz，固有频率主轴方位角确定精度优于±1.17°，具有良好的可行性，在半球谐振陀螺研制方面具有良好的参考意义。     

一种高动态低信噪比卫星导航信号捕获方法

为提升高动态低信噪比环境下卫星导航信号的捕获性能,提出了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换(FrFT)及部分匹配滤波(PMF)的捕获方法。在该方法中,接收机首先利用PMF对接收信号做分段相干积分,随后借助快速傅里叶变换(FFT)对分段积分结果做离散快速FrFT,最后通过检测FrFT输出的峰值完成信号的捕获。由于具有多普勒频率变化率的卫星导航信号在FrFT后呈现能量聚焦特性,所提方法能够显著提高信号的长时间相干积分增益。同时对所提算法的捕获概率、平均捕获时间以及算法复杂度等性能指标进行了理论分析及计算机仿真验证。仿真表明,与传统的PMF-FFT方法相比,所提方法能够通过延长相干积分时间的方式有效提升高动态低信噪比卫星导航信号的捕获概率、降低捕获时间。     

高速低压差分信号（LVDS）器件应用设计方法研究

随着高速LVDS器件得到广泛应用，在高速信号使用LVDS传输时，信号传输线路问题、信号传输波形的最佳化成为非常重要的课题之一。由于印制电路板的布局布线直接影响信号传输质量，因此利用仿真对印制板分析成为设计上不可缺少的手段。有鉴于此，文章深入探讨了高速电路的设计，总结出设计技巧。     

调频连续波SAR改进的频率尺度变换算法(英文)

本文提出了一种调频连续波SAR改进的频率尺度变换算法。调频连续波SAR在运动过程中持续不断地发射和接收信号,这种运动导致了回波信号的伸缩,对波前重建产生了严重的影响。推导了回波信号模型,给出了信号的距离-多普勒域表达式,分析了由于天线不断运动而导致的相位变化与方位向频率之间的关系。改进的频率尺度变换算法补偿了这种相位变化,实现了目标的精确成像,仿真结果表明了分析的正确性和算法的有效性。     

滑油量对恒速传动装置的影响

本文介绍了中外航空公司飞机发动机恒速传动装置几个故障典例及造成的危害,分析了填加滑油量不当对发动机恒速传动装置的影响,提出了预防措施。